On Cuban Question

I have never been a supporter of Cuban socialism or Castros. I think the island should democratise and actually become free in reality, not just in communist slogans. However, reading online comments on the matter, made me think that things are not as simple. Regardless of if communism will fall in Havana this time or Castros yet again manage to dodge the bullet, both of these outcomes will lead towards misery and privation, the only difference is who will suffer.

To understand why, we have to look at Cuban past. Under Fulgencio Batista rich flourished and indulged themselves to the maximum. Next to all that poor lived in slums and Cuban police kept them away from all the good stuff, repeating the same capitalist mantra about 'respecting property'. As much as an ideological purist would like to insist they had no right to just take that away, when Castros offered these poor all that shiny property, Batista zealously guarded them from, they of course accepted. Thus, revolution won in Cuba and rich who were too stingy and principled to share, lost it all.

However enough of the past, communism won in many places during 60s and 70s, but most of these have long since switched back, why not Cuba. It's not almost 40 years ago, yet Cuba alone somehow stays communist. Why do Castros continue to endure in Cuba, when elsewhere their ideological brethren long gone.

The reason for that is that anti-communist Cubans have not learned from their mistakes. As much as life under Castros is tough and far from ideal, majority does not want a return to how it was under Fulgencio Batista. Despite that Cuban emigrees in the US insist on the most hardline approach to the problem. They are not trying to win Cuban people to their side, promising anything. Far from it, they are not only blaming Castros, but also ordinary Cuban people for stealing their property. They want a revenge on both, Castros and those who supported them, this common Cubans.

From this stance people could assume the worst. Not only return to Batista levels of inequality, but also repercussions against ordinary people. Descendants will come to reclaim their property and businesses, refuse to employ locals, believing they are lazy and spoiled by years of socialism. Thus, Cuba will flourish but only select few will benefit from this prosperity. Most ordinary Cubans will starve and die on the streets as emigree will neither employ them, nor share their wealth with them. 

What do opponents of Castro do to alleviate these fears? Absolutely nothing. Far from it, due to their self-righteous stance, they only reinforce these fears. It's no wonder, people in Cuba still cling to Castros and the revolution, no matter how shitty things have become. Because Cuban emigrees could still make things much, much worse than that. Now there is just no food and electricity, but under new regime they will lose homes too, because these homes used to belong to someone before revolution and new old regime will kick out current inhabitants to return property to their 'rightful owners', descendants of Cuban immigrants, who were born in Miami and never set foot on the island. After that new old police can beat them up and then jail them, so they will lose their freedom too. And there still be no food or electricity, there will be for Cuban emigrees returning from Miami, but not for locals as that is socialism, light pole is all the electricity that will be left for them.

So, does it mean there is no way forward and Castros yet again managed to survive against all odds? It depends. If the US is willing to be flexible and offer Cubans a better life they would actually want, a solution may be found. I do not mean negotiating with Castros, as they may have Moscow connections and will advance Moscow interests instead of that of Cuban people. The us has to reach out to Cuban people. Sure, you cannot sit with them at the same table, but you can still make public announcements that will reach them in time.

However, a concrete solution is needed to safeguard against the return to Batista times. A mere promise will not suffice; it has to be a solution that cannot be just taken away by new government with or without a coup. What kind of framework could possibly achieve that is something diplomats will have to think of.

At the minimum, Cubans will need something to support them under new system. To that end social security, possibly a UBI is needed to make sure people will not go without under new system. It has to be properly indexed to make sure inflation will not make it worthless.

Furthermore, a question of property has to be addressed too, descendants of those from whom Castros confiscated properties will want them back. However, these properties are currently occupied by local Cubans who would not want to be deprived of their homes based on some old deeds.

A police and justice too have to be addressed somehow. Old hatred and bad blood between Cuban emigrees and locals might lead towards justice system being used to settle old scores and generally to hurt these bastards. Some institutional solutions are needed here as well, a cross-community jury or panel judges possibly.

On the other hand, if the US continues to hold 'lazy socialists' in contempt and promise to rid Cuba of these, not just of Castros, Cuban public will only cling to Castros. From there the US could only take the island by massacring most of its population. Afterwards there will be insurgencies on the island itself as well as refugees to the mainland US from that, this time socialist Cubans instead of capitalist ones.

How Non-ideological People Decide Political System in Every Society

In between two extremes, who each make their decisions based on set of concrete and unchanging values there is a third group that actually swings elections between them.

To explain what I mean I need to talk about differences between ideological and non-ideological people. Ideologically driven people like to imagine their ideologies and political/social/economic system in vacuum and support them based on their principles and theoretically fairness rather than actual outcomes and practical implications. No matter how much their favorite system fails in real world, they will still defend it, blame problems on anything but on the system itself or downright refuse to acknowledge any issues at all. For them outcomes are distant second at best, if not completely irrelevant. All they care for is whether its right or wrong. 

In most extreme cases they would even defend literal unabated extermination, if it is done in accordance with their value system. Both communists and capitalists are equally guilty of this behavior, even though communists had a lot more such incidents to somehow justify due to their many mistakes. However, when capitalism clearly does not work, its supporters just as much will not admit any fault or accept the notion that something must be done about it if that something goes against their principles. Republican party behavior during Great Depression in the US shows us just this. The only reason capitalism ended up not starving millions to death was the fact the US was and is a democracy. Democrat FDR, who came to power and did what needed to be done to fix the problem, no matter how much Republicans and capitalist purists criticized it as immoral and wrong. Under communism however in a similar situation an oppositional party cannot come to power, and millions end up actually starving to death or get exterminated by ideologically faithful ones.

Compared to that, more practical, non-ideological people make their decisions based on outcomes rather than values, if it gives them more money, better quality of life and more freedom, then its better. Its these people who ultimately tip the scales towards one or another party in a democracy. The party that offers these guys more always wins elections. No matter how much supporters of Romney or Killary would blame the other side of politics for voting against their 'star candidate', in reality they lost not because the other side mobilised better, it's because non-ideological people did not felt their 'star candidate' offered them anything of substance and voted for the other guy. Even if they are 'star candidate' in your ideologically covered eyes, they might as well be a dud in someone else's more sober eyes. 

In a non-democratic influence of non-ideological people are weaker as one ideological group hogs all the power and prevents any outsiders from getting anywhere near the high offices. Non-ideological people often leave such societies in favor of democratic ones, because democracy offers non-ideological people better quality of life and more power. However, even in un-democratic society a non-ideological people could still play the same power changing rule, just through the revolution instead of ballot box. When systems fall and revolution succeeds, it's because these non-ideological people backed the revolutionaries.

Thus, no matter what your system is, the non-ideological people are still the kingmakers who decide if your system lives or falls.

How they decide who falls and who does not. Simple, based on outcomes. All places where communist revolution succeeded had capitalism at its worst, full of rent seeking property owners who did nothing but collect money for nothing more than having a piece of paper that said this or that belongs to them. In places where capitalism, despite playing by exactly the same rules, produced dynamic corporations that actually innovate and improve lives around them, communists never made any inroads. 

An ideological purist may say that property rights have to be respected and protected. No matter whether an owner is a dynamic leader like Elon Musk or Sergei Brin, who constantly innovate and build new things people want, or a jet set spoiled socialite who never worked a day. It's hard to make many examples of the latter, as people like that rarely make news) but Athina Onassis is one example. However, there are a good number of rents seeking rich, who spend all their time socialising with other rich people while joking about poor people, who actually had to work to pay them their ever-increasing rent. It's their property and you have no right to any of it, that what ideologically pure capitalist supporter will say.

However, if you remove ideological glasses, you can clearly see that they are not the same. Elon Musk and Sergei Brin are useful and beneficial, while rent seekers are nothing but parasites. Countries that where people like Elon Musk and Sergei Brin achieve success and build things, do not have socialist revolutions no matter how loudly local leftists call for it. Countries where these two were born do not count as these clearly did not gave them opportunities they deserved and thus deserve to languish in misery. Its countries that only have rent seekers, asking for more and more pay for use of resources that belong to them that get these revolutions.

On Western Sahara

 

After finishing my previous article on bi-ethnic states I decided that to illustrate my point better I need an example of a real-life situation. So, I will write about Western Sahara, most of which are currently occupied and gradually settled by Morocco, with Polisario Front controls but a small sliver on the edge but claims the whole area. The world is divided between recognising Moroccan claim or demanding that Morocco decolonise Western Sahara and cede it to Polisario Front. Morocco recently gained ground with international recognition of their claims and now offers Polisario an autonomy deal in exchange for abandonment of sovereignty.

The best course of action for Polisario is to neither accept Moroccan deal, nor demand return of the territories Morocco already settled. Polisario should instead focus on securing sovereignty in its current borders and possibly procuring more land from the other side of West Sahara's border, in Mauritania.

To being with a simple part. Do not accept deal with Morocco. This is what many will agree with. Most will bring arguments like decolonisation and the like. I will instead quote my ideas from my article about bi-national states. Under Moroccan rule Sahrawi will always be treated like second class citizens. Sure, they can write nice words about equality and promise fair treatment, especially in front of foreign observers, but in reality, Moroccan government will always care for their own first. So, when observers will leave, thinking problem solved, Moroccans will show their true colours. Any dispute between Moroccan settlers and Sahrawis will always be decided in favour of settlers. Sahrawis will be sidelined from any role of importance, and their existence will depend on their usefulness to Moroccan majority and government. Moroccans would even be able to completely exterminate Sahrawis, citing anti-terrorist measures and the like/. That would be infinitely worse compared to current situation where Sahrawis have at least full control in part of West Sahara where they can put their own people first.

Now the second part, settle on current de-facto border and renounce claims on parts of Western Sahara already settled by Moroccans. That sound counter intuitive. Why give up land? Or claim on it. Here is why. Imagine a scenario where Polisario indeed gets control of whole Western Sahara, courtesy of global community. They may be got their land back, but it's now settled by Moroccans who will be entitled to stay. By now Moroccan settlers clearly outnumber the Sahrawis in whole of Western Sahara so in a democratic system a Moroccan settler interests party would easily be able to win elections. It may not have Moroccan in its name, but its real loyalties will clearly be with settlers. Such a party will then govern Western Sahara for the benefit of settlers and to the detriment of the Sahrawis. It will be like in Belarus where dictator, who represents interests of Russophone settlers, suppresses native Belarussians as well as their language and culture. International community may support Polisario sovereignty over whole Western Sahara, but they will certainly not support any undemocratic measures like disenfranchising Moroccan settlers from voting or dictatorial rule of minority like that of Bashar Assad in Syria. In addition to that if Moroccan settlers feel they are mistreated they may ask for Moroccan state to interfere on their behalf, prompting Morocco to invade and occupy Western Sahara. In an event of an invasion Sahrawis will have no one to rely on to come their aid. Whatever rule will emerge from that occupation with certainly be to benefit of Moroccan settlers and to detriment of Sahrawis.

That leaves us with the last option, sovereignty within current de-facto borders. Yes, these borders are hideous, but they are the only ones that can give Sahrawis a state of their own, that they will actually be able to keep. It was too generous to give not so numerous Sahrawis whole of Western Sahara, equal in size to Morocco that has almost hundred times the population. This careless mistake led towards Moroccan occupation and current conflict.

There is however one card Sahrawis can play and that is to trade recognition of current de-facto borders with Morocco as de-jure ones in exchange for not necessarily equivalent land from neighboring Mauretania. Some Sahrawis actually live in Mauretania so taking land from it will help Sahrawis to reunite their people into a single state. Mauretania has a lot of land but not so many people, it will not be able to resist Morocco easily. Mauretania capital and most population is in the south, so they will not be too inconvenienced with losing land in the north, along Moroccan border. They probably will not give it up for free but a combination of threats and insensitive might do it. Morocco can certainly defeat Mauretania, but it can also offer them money or some other assistance in exchange for the deal.

That of course raises a question: why would Morocco bother with Mauretania over Sahrawis would. The answer is diplomatic advantage. Morocco does not have its claims on Western Sahara recognised and that potentially puts their settlers there at risk if global community suddenly turns against them on Western Sahara question. There are actors like Iran and China that might want to use it to their advantage one day and that would put Moroccan control over Western Sahara in jeopardy. Thus, cutting a deal with Polisario that will secure recognition of current de-facto border will secure this land for Morocco and prevent any further claims to it. Morocco will stop being accused of holding the last uncolonized land in the world, blamed for poor treatment of Sahrawis and such, its diplomatic standing in the world will improve. Finally giving land to Sahrawis might turn current enemies into allies. To prevent Mauretania from reclaiming lost land, Sahrawis will have to align themselves to Morocco or at least maintain friendly relationship with Rabat. Bitter enemies who currently claim about half of Moroccan territory, will become friendly buffer state and improve Moroccan political and diplomatic standing globally.

Just like that an out of the box thinking can fix the world and make it a better place for everyone.

Why Bi-Ethnic States Never Work

Humans sometimes have phenomenal ability to keep doing the same thing over and over, even if it does not work. For example common people keep trying and trying the same dating methods that proven to not work. You can see that even among policy makers, who in theory supposed to know better. Yet despite being proven as unworkable over and over again, they keep trying the same solutions over and over again.

I am talking of course of trying to somehow reconcile two or several distinct people and somehow make them co-exist in the same common state. It never works. It did not work in Northern Ireland, in Lebanon, in Ethiopia, in Yugoslavia, in Bosnia and Kosovo after collapse of Yugoslavia, in Netherlands, in Belgium after Netherlands, in USSR, in pretty much all post-Soviet states and many more. Yet despite this consistent track record of failure, this same solution is offered to other people and places like Cyprus and Northern Sahara. Various UN mediators and members of global community keep offering various federal solutions that would get two sides with mutual hatred and irreconcilable differences to somehow work together, instead of doing the obvious and letting them split into two distinct states with reasonable border.

The only place where something like that ever worked is Switzerland. But Switzerland is but exception that only proves the rule. There are other things that do no work elsewhere, that somehow work in Switzerland only. Moreover if you actually look at Switzerland in detail, you will understand that it does not work even there. Sure Switzerland in multilingual but only on federal level. Most individual cantons are either monolingual or have a clearly dominant language. Thus there are no multilingual Swiss who live side by side no matter what their language is, instead there are clear internal borders that divide different languages from each other as well as different communities of the same language but other differences from each other. No one talks about acceptance there, instead they all know where each individual community begins and ends. An attempt to somehow erase these internal boundaries and make Switzerland into a unitary state was tried in early 19th century and was backed by Napoleon himself, but that collapsed within few years and federal divisions remain in place ever since.

Multiculturalism only works when either all people are migrants and no one has home advantage or when all minorities are no bigger than 5% and dispersed territorially so that they could not form ethnic enclaves with their own rules there or form a cohesive political party along ethnic or religious lines. That is how it is in most western states. 

One post-Soviet state, Lithuania also falls into this category. Low rate or ethnic Russians in Lithuania prevents the dynamic that dominates society in neighboring Latvia and Estonia where native Estonians and Latvians are pitted against Latvian and Estonian Russians who have their own identity, culture, ethnic parties and even flag. That illustrates that these conflicts have nothing to do with any particular ethnicity, culture, location or religion but entirely due to relative sizes of the ethnicities. 5% could never elect to parliament their own equivalent of Tatyana Zhdanoka, who believes all ethnic Latvians are Nazis, but something like 10% or above can. The larger their relative rate, the worse animosity between them and the natives will be.

However lets also answer the question why all sort of bi-ethnic or bi-national states always devolve into their own version of Northern Ireland problem. To be completely precise, one may call them a 'finite number national' as say Yugoslavia who suffered from similar dynamic had 6 official ethnicities or nationalities and few more unofficial, one of which was larger than certain official ones. but its too long of a term so I will use bi-national instead. The point is to distinguish it from a kind of close to infinite number of cultures multicultural state, typical for western democracies, where foreign cultures are so many and dispersed, they are normally not counted separately or amount to an ethnicity or religion based autonomy/ghetto with their own de-jure or de-facto rules or power base.

So why multicultural states work and bi-cultural do not. Simple answer is the size. In a multicultural state each ethnicity is too small and/or dispersed to pose any meaningful threat to the majority. Thus locals mostly treat minorities with either curiosity or indifference. They may enrich their experience with their culture, cuisine or knowledge, but they could not form a power block of their own to challenge existing power structures. Even if they want power, they have no choice but to join existing institutions, political parties and such, boosting them instead of creating their own separate power bases that rival the existing ones. There they will have to appeal to locals and their sentiments to get somewhere. Through that gradually these people assimilate and even if they retain some of their original culture or identity, for the most part they become part of their new/host society. Their children would be even more integrated then they are, even if they married someone from their culture. Their grandchildren even more so. Gradually the multicultural society seamlessly absorbs such members, making them part of social fabric and enriching it even.

Those dynamics change however if any particular minority reaches either a certain size, I will say it's about 10% or achieves high concentration in a certain part of the country. It does not matter when they all are different as they will have more differences with each other compared to the majority. That changes dynamic. Instead of assimilating and integrating, the minority instead forms its own minority community based on ethnicity, language, culture or religion. From there on such community focuses on preserving their differences and identity. It becomes its own power based, focused on both self-preservation as distinct entity as well as advancement of their power and influence in a broader society. 

The higher the number the worse the problem becomes. A 10% (of total population of a country) community will be able to preserve their distinct identity but will not be able to challenge the majority for control of society and will instead focus on growing their numbers and safeguarding their distinctiveness and power base. Meanwhile a 40% strong one might instead plot for a political takeover and then gradual replacement of the majority by their own members. A community might have a powerful foreign backer, like the state they originally came from or a foreign power, who seeks to undermine the state they are based in.

So, if you look closely at all the problem cases, they all have this close to even split in society. 60% Protestants and 40% Catholics in Northern Ireland. Same rate of Flemish and Walloons in Belgium or Latvians and Russians in Latvia. 50% of Russians in USSR or Serbs in Yugoslavia and the rest split between various minorities, some of which are rather large. 50% of Bosniaks in Bosnia. Less than 50% of any ethnicity in Ethiopia or Lebanon.

Such spit brings about the worst qualities and traits humans capable of. Tribalism, us vs them, pettiness, malice, cruelty and willingness to do the worst things imaginable. Both sides grow to see each other as existential threat and begin to focus on exterminating other ethnic groups instead of finding ways to live better together.

In bi-ethnic state politics devolve from based on socio-economic issues and policy debate into one based on ethnicity. At 10% rate politics not yet devolve into ethnic one, but a minority interest party may be present among the usual socio-economic ones. However at higher rate of minorities (around 20% to 30%), politics and political parties devolve to tribalism and people begin to vote for parties that represent their ethnicity and religion rather than economic interests. If you look at Northern Ireland, its impossible to distinguished various unionist parties based on their economic stances as this clearly takes back seat and essentially ignored over the overreaching issue of opposition to Catholics and preserving union with UK. In Bosnia or even Belgium its no different, parties do not have their ethnicities in their names but locals all know who represent which ethnicity.

This voting based on ethnicity compromises the very reason why democracy is such a workable system, that makes state responsive to its people. Ethnic parties are not created to represent needs and desires of the people, they are created as power vehicles for their ethnicities, to either gain or keep power in the hands of the ethnicity it represeents: keep us in charge and them out in plain terms. Such parties will not hesitate to make descisions that are detrimental to society as whole in order to shore up their grip on power. Over time this will make life miserable.

A society in such bi-ethno states are no better. Unlike outsiders who may say, why could not they all get along. Locals all know who is who and will almost certainly only cater to members of their own ethnicity while denying the same for other ethnicities. Even when in constitution and various laws discrimination is officially forbidden, the person in charge can still figure out how to deny something to an outsider, while lying about the real reasons for such denial. Petty spite, akin to a preverbal joke or person wishing to lose one leg so that his neighbor loses both, becomes a norm of life. Sometimes it comes to completely absurd situations where ethnically Serb acting mayor of Mostar deliberately sabotaged rubbish collection in the city for no other reason but to drawn local Croats and Bosniaks in rubbish, as they are by far outnumber Serbs in the city. It sound like a sick joke, but it actually happens in Mostar maybe even now. That makes even Northern Irish look sane in comparison.

However what drives this seamlessly insane behavior? Are they all stupid, these people in bi-ethnic states. Far from it. If it was an insanity it would not repeat itself over and over again under similar conditions all across the cultures, religions and continents.

The answer is survival instinct, a fundamental subconscious trait, present in human's psychology, that dates back to prehistoric times. Once the two ethnicities start to perceive each other as an existential threat, all gloves are off. They will stop at nothing to either completely destroy or neuter the other group. No amount of various peace agreements, power sharing deals or international monitoring could possibly stop the two groups from trying to completely obliterate their enemies. Both sides will go to the wits end to exploit and abuse the rules to damage the rival group as much as possible. If they can fight conventional war, they will. If they cannot they will still fight by other means, routinely misusing political and economic power to harm their enemies. 

That is why Northern Irish unionists refuse to participate in government. Because it would allow their catholic republican enemies to be a First Minister, so they would rather have no government than let their enemies be in charge. That is why different ethnic groups in Bosnia routinely misuse Dayton Agreement provisions to harm each other, rather than share power and govern together as was the intention of Great Powers who sponsored it. List goes on.

This applies not just to politicians, but to common people too. The moment they see you are from a rival community, they will refuse to help, or hire and so on. Among other things, Catholics in Northern Ireland complained Protestants simply refuse to hire them for any good jobs the moment they know applicant is a Catholic. It no different in Bosnia or elsewhere where one ethnic identity decides who is allowed an who is not. Prohibitions against discrimination will do nothing as those in charge will make up some legal reason to deny job or help to their enemies. As much as a outsider might fight it difficult to tell two rivals apart, locals always know who is who and will treat people based on ethnicity.

To top it all up, if sides fought an active conflict. Then animosity grows many fold. No matter who started it and who is at fault, both sides will only see or care for their own casualties and grievances and will never forgive the other side who did this. Active conflict leads towards both sides dehumanising their opponents as some kind of inhuman beings unworthy of existence. For example both Russians and Ukrainians are now calling each others Nazis. Ukrainians cheer at each Russian death. And many Russians on X openly deny Ukrainians even a personhood or a say over their country fate, a rhetoric even worse that what actual Nazi use to say about Jews. Restoring relationship from that point is impossible.

Because of the above, the only solution to bi-national states as well as various ethnic conflicts is their split up into two or more independent states. All attempts to somehow reconcile the two sides and make them somehow co-exist together is but a fools errand that always lead towards misery or even quiet but complete extermination of one side by another.

Thus global peace efforts should focus not on reuniting places like Cyprus or Western Sahara but on an orderly and organised split up between the sides and mutual recognition of new borders. When people cannot coexist each other, its pointless to try and make them. One should instead help them split up and begin living separately from each other.

Yes, it will lead towards creation of new states and alter global maps, but its the only method that is both humane and ultimately workable. It will gradually lead towards more stability as new states will be much more safe and stable, because lack of any ethnic or religious split would eliminate most if not all grounds for civil and political strife, that might lead towards civil wars or events like Troubles in Northern Ireland.

All living cells multiply by dividing into two, this is a fundamental principle of life. By extension human societies grow and multiply by dividing into smaller groups and growing on their own. Trying to re-unite such societies would be going against natural order of things and nothing good will ever come from it.

Why Life in USSR was Not Good

Putin's regime like to propagate a narrative that 'wild 90s' were horrible times and that life was better before. While there indeed were certain problems during 90s and certain things were better during Soviet times that preceded them, fundamentally this narrative is incorrect. For majority of people, life in USSR was overall worse than during 90s. Ultimately people freely chose to keep 90s system over going back to how things were before. 

As much as communists like to claim 1996 elections were rigged, they were not. A bit more than 1/3 of all people voted for Zyuganov to return to how things were, but more than half voted against returning to past even if it meant keeping the 90s system. This was the ultimate verdict to Soviet past. No matter how much those voted for Zyuganov wanted to deny that, this is the truth.

I will agree that for those individuals, who voted for Zyuganov life did got worse and they had good reasons to want to go back. However those who voted for Yeltsin had equally good reasons to resist return to the past and their views should not be ignored or dismissed out of hand like current regime and their apologists like to do.

I already wrote an article detailing life during 90s where I admitted some flaws but also outlined what that era gave Russia and its people. Now I will cover the Soviet era that preceded it and outline problems that ultimately destroyed USSR.

In the past I did wrote a few articles outlining certain aspects of Soviet system. Not everything was bad and certain things were so good even reasonable people not emotionally attached to communist values might want them back. However on the summary Soviet times were bad. So bad people chose to end them when they god a chance and did not want to go back when given a second choice either.

The elephant in the room is of course consumer goods, or lack of them to be precise. Even before completely empty shelves of late 80s, choice in Soviet stores was scarce. Yes, defenders will claim that you could find things and that essentials were there, but that misses the point, or to be precise dismisses it.

Critics of 90s like to say that while during 90s goods were in stores, but people had no money to buy them, in 80s and 70s it was the other way around. People had money but there was nothing to buy, making whole money seem pointless.

Sure having essentials are good, but people want more than that, they want to thrive and have fun. If system does not provide them with that, they will not be happy. That will gradually sip away at the whole system.

Soviet consumer goods policy was deliberately astute, frugal at best, scarce at worst. Consumer goods spending was controlled by people with similar mindset to Puritans and monks. They believed that all sort of excesses is bad and provided public only with goods they deemed either healthy or necessary in amounts they deemed sufficient. Their rigorous crusade against anything wasteful and vain, that will make western recycling freaks look tame in comparison, severely limited goods available to public. 

Yes there were inefficiencies in the systems, mistakes as well as scalpels who too advantage of scarcity to make quick buck or to provide for themselves and their relatives and friends at expense of general public, but this problem would not have happened if there were enough goods to begin with.

Public on average found that woefully insufficient. Because of that black economy thrived. Smugglers, that in western world only deal in prohibited substances like narcotic drugs, provided Soviet public with all sort of goods, from t-shits and jeans to western movies and electronics. As absurd as it sound, prudes that ran Soviet consumer goods policy saw spending on even such simple things like print t-shits or soft drinks vain and wasteful. People who run consumer goods were more prude that most fundamentalist Christians in the West and they controlled what common people had legal access to.

That applied to entertainment too. Censors would only approve of movies and other media if they have a certain benign influence on public, either teach them something or promote Soviet way of life. They were so harsh that even an innocent purely entertaining movie with no political message will not see light of the day if it promotes vanity or does not instil communist work ethics. Lack of instilling Soviet values in some way was in itself seen as anti-Soviet or pro-Western. It's like saying that if does not promote Jesus then its Satanic and anti-Christian, but that was reality of Soviet entertainment. What could be shown in 'Christian manga' also could not be shown in communist movie and more. Here too smugglers filled the void with western media, that only served to endear public towards western way of life. Yes, there are a few Soviet era movies that public genuinely love but there were far too little of them. 

Consumer goods and entertainment were the ultimate foundation of Soviet collapse. Even Soviet own comedy show Yeralash made fun of it in the sketch where Western spy tries to escape from Soviet border guards and offers a Soviet kid a chewing gum in exchange for help. Kid refuses by saying that spy should have at least offered him western sneakers because he is not so cheap as to betray his country for mere chewing gum. 

As much as defenders of Soviet system would like to blame the kid, liberals and all other sellouts for lack of patriotism and western decadence as well as call for all of them to be send to Gulags, ultimately, it's not the "sellouts'" fault. If people will betray your country for a pair of sneakers, that is ultimately your system's fault. Blaming it on traitors' lack of morals, loyalty and patriotism is both wrong and foolish. It's your system that failed to provide these people with something that will give them stake in it so that they will have vested interests to protect it from foreign spies. There is nought to blame but the system. No matter how much you would lambast traitors from rostrums and beef up repression, people will still find ways to betray your system if it serves their self-interest. The more you repress them, the more satisfaction they will deliver from betraying your system. Some might even do it for free just out of spite for their treatment at the hands of the regime.

Your system is as good as what people will betray it for, if they betray it for a chewing gum, then its weaker than chewing gum. Do not underestimate the power of a gum. It deserves its own meme.

That raises the question: could USSR have survived if it spends more on consumer goods. Surely CPSU could have cut on space program or military projects to find enough money to raise standards of living and essentially bribe people to stay on their side. They could even replace people in charge of consumer goods with someone more hedonistic, willing to splurge a lot more.

Both yes and no.

Yes, bribing people will keep them on your side. Spending more on consumer goods will keep people happier and they will be more reluctant to abandon the system in favour of something else. Yes, people choose Western model (capitalism) because it promised them more consumer goods.

Does it ultimately solve the problem, no. 

Why not? To answer that question, you have to look at reasons why USSR did not provide its people with enough consumer goods to begin with. 

To put it simply they saw no need. If you tell a Soviet apparatchik that lack of chewing gum will destroy USSR, they will laugh at your face. Consumer goods or citizen satisfaction was always treated as least important thing in undemocratic corridors of power. Top brass always thought of their lofty ambitions and ignored people and their needs. They always though, but what these people going to do about it. They always believed people have no choice or agency.

Until in 1991 people proved them that they do matter. Lack of chewing gum did destroy a nuclear armed superpower.

Modern commies are no better as they clearly have not learned from their past mistakes and still believe people will sacrifice for their goals and values. Their continued support for Cuba and Palestine is enough of a proof that they learned nothing and will repeat the same mistakes if ever in power again.

Can then a democracy fix socialism by providing political competition to the party of principles by offering a more hedonistic alternative to communist orthodoxy? A goulash socialism. In theory yes, real democracy can better represent actual needs and desires of population and keep society stable. In practice again no. The reason for that is the attitude, communists have towards society.

Fundamental reason why Soviet system was doomed from the start, lies on even more fundamental level. It comes to ultimate attitude; communists have towards people. Communists see people not as customers to please or partners to negotiate with, but as children they have to educate. They erroneously believe that people can simply be taught what is good and what is bad, what to do and what not to do and they will do as their 'teachers' taught them too. This is both patronising and insulting. 

Fundamentally this teacher student relationship does not work as a basis of government. People hate being treated like children, no matter how much communists hate this fact, it is the reason why fundamentally every communist regime is doomed to failure. One can run a cult this way because members are all fanatics like you are who believe in the same thing you do. However its impossible to run a country full of all sorts of people the same way. Society will push back and destroy your system every single time.

To run a country and be loved one must treat people as customers, esteemed guests, or at least theater audience. One most constantly please them to retain their favour. When Caesar talked about 'bread and circuses', he meant this simple fact. Capitalism wins over communism not because people love rich or support inequality, but because capitalists understand this simple truth, well not so simple it seems. Communism pays too much attention to weaknesses of capitalism and because of that completely fails to understand its strength.

If not pleased, then people has to be negotiated with, haggle if you like. Its like in CGPGrey Video, Rules for Rulers, you must keep key supporters happy and if not love you on election day, at least prefer you to the alternative. To get people on your side one must offer them something they would want in return for their support or work. Democracy is ultimately all about this very negotiating and higgling over all sorts of things. Political parties offer all sort of policies that benefit certain groups of people to get these people to vote for them. Prime ministers negotiate with MPs and ministers as well as with foreign powers and so on.

Here one should not see key supporters in a narrow sense. That is unless you run a two-roads dictatorship like Equatorial Guinea where only oil industry contributes to economy. In a complex modern society every member contributes something which makes every member a kay supporters. A Soviet joke illustrates it well. They pretend they pay us and we pretend we work. If you want your economy to actually perform you need these people to actually work, not just pretend they do. Thus you have to treat them as key supporters, negotiate with them and offer them something good enough for them to put real effort into what they do. Without their real effort and contribution your society will always turn into second Cuba or Venezuela and they simply will not put any real effort, unless they were sufficiently compensated, bribed if you like, for what they do.

Because of the above, people with teacher's mentality, who seek to educate masses, is in principle unsuitable to run a county. In fact, they are unsuitable to run anything outside of some hobby clubs. 

As in Rules for Rulers video, a ruler has to balance needs of his key supporters and negotiate with them to get things done. Thus a person suitable to be a ruler is a shrewd negotiator who can figure out just what they could offer to all sorts of people in their system to keep them on their side. And it has to be a good deal too, one can get away with a scam when all one need is someone's money, but if one wants to run a country one has to offer ending deals that will remain good even as times go because people will find a way to get off the train the moment they start to think the deal is no longer good.

Because of the above, Soviet System had no real chance of surviving. Through sheer luck CPSU managed to bribe society with promises of brighter future where everything will be free and in abundance. However it failed to deliver and people will not fall for the same trick twice. Fundamentally it was no better than religion with its promise of heaven in the afterlife. Despite mutual animosity, Christians and Communists are the same kind of fraudsters.

Thus in order for Socialism to work, Socialists have to address all of the above issues and afterwards win back people's trust that they will not screw it like they did last time. That is a tall order and it will not get any easier. Fundamentally they are better off abandoning their system and get behind UBI that actually has chance of winning. People may be simple but they are not stupid. They want free shit, not bullshit and communists are alas full of the latter and short on the former.

On Slavic People

Recently I got thinking that there are few scientific misconceptions when it comes to Slavs. Countries like Russia like to falsify history and since they like to claim to be a leader of Slavs, they too mess with information regarding Slavic people to suit Kremlin agenda.

To begin with origins. Many claim that Slavs originated somewhere after collapse of Roman Empire and then rapidly spread across eastern Europe. I personally think its incorrect. Most likely Slavs were the indegious people of eastern Europe, much like Celts (Galls) were in western Europe.

The reason Slavs were not displaced to the same extend as Celts where is the fact that land in eastern Europe much less hospitable than that of western Europe so there was less desire by more advanced and powerful civilisations to claim these for themselves. Only Hungarians, that originated somewhere around Khanty-Mansiysk on the other side of Ural Mountains in modern Russia, took some of the better lands in the area, splitting Slavs into Western and Southern ones. The fact that Hungarians inhabit fertile plains around Danube while Slavs live in much less hospitable mountains both north and south of these areas clearly indicate that it were Hungarians who displaced Slavs, not the other way around. The fact that Czech and Slovak languages in certain regards closes to those of southern Slavs, rather than to Polish only further proves this point.

Speaking of languages, similarities between different Slavic languages make some people believe that Slavs originated much earlier that was likely the case. Slav languages are closer to each other than different Germanic languages like for example English and German or either of these two compared to Scandinavian languages. However, reasons for differences between English and German are due to the fact that English branched out of Lowland Germanic, spoken in coastal areas and Modern German originated from Middle German, spoken much further inland. English was further influenced by Celtic languages native to Britain as well as French, while German was not. If you compare Slavic languages to Romance languages that branched out after the fall of Roman Empire, then, with exception of French and Romanian, the other three Romance languages are actually mutually intelligible. A Spaniard would understand an Italian or Portuguese without much trouble. I had a friend from Peru who travelled around the continent and had little trouble understanding Portuguese when he visited Brazil. The same could not be said about Slavic speakers, who will have hard time understanding even their close neighbors, much less a more distant Slavic variant. That points towards much earlier origins of Slavic languages as well as much slower spread across the parts of Eastern Europe. 

It is also possible than Slavic and Germanic languages have common origins, but the link between two is lost due to the fact that both Eastern Germanic, like Gothic and Western Baltic, like Old Prussian, languages have gone extinct. If this theory is correct that it might be possible that both Germanic and Slavic languages originated from common proto-Baltic language that first split into different Baltic varieties between like old Prussian in the West, Latvian and Lithuanian in the east. Then these branches further evolved into Proto-Germanic and proto-Slavic that went on to spread further southwest and southeast respectively.

Finally on assimilation of Slavs. Slavs in general are more of people who adapt and imitate other cultures and traditions than the other way around. For example, Serbs adopted many of Byzantine symbols and titles, like double headed eagle and Tetragramic cross that Serbia still uses as its symbols. Even Russia still uses Byzantine double headed eagle. Complete assimilation into other cultures is also possible. For example, Romanians are likely Slavs who adopted a Romance language for themselves to be more like Romans who they admired. Germans did it too with Holy Roman Empire but not to the same extend. Assimilation of Slavs into Germans also happened, most of areas east of Elbe were once inhabitant by Slavs but are now German. Germans established marches in the area that gradually spread German way of life to local people, some of them are still around these days but they are tiny minority. This was not only done by German efforts alone. Local Slavic rulers, like those of Mecklenburg and Pomerania Germanised themselves and their people with no involvement of outsiders from western bank of Elbe. There was no evidence of any coercion to achieve these results. Most likely people willingly embraced German way of live, finding it superior to their own ways. Not dissimilar of how modern eastern Europeans embrace European Union and its reforms compare to old local ways of doing things. That particularly refuses Kremlin's narrative that Russians are some kind of non-European people who dislike European ways and prefer Mongolo-Asiatic dictatorship of Putin. The number of German cars, German music and culture that Russians consume, including those who propagate these anti-Western views paints a different picture. 

Generally, people are more inclined to emulate cultural practices if they find them useful, and Slavs are no exception. The anti-Western nativist narrative is mostly popular with Russian women and elderly, while men prefer alternatives to Slavic ways and often seek out these in other cultures. One problem with Slavic cultures is that it does not give men enough control over women so Slavic men often embrace cultures that give men more power in relationships.

These are my correction to current orthodoxy on Slavic people. Unlike other researchers, I am not paid by Kremlin to advance narrative that benefits Putin regime, so my views are more objective than theirs. Read and learn.

How Many There are Communists

In my article about Communist Values, I mentioned that Communist Values are disliked by majority and that Communists are clear minority despite their rather large numbers. Such statements are all and good, but what is the actual numbers. Just how many there are communists, rushing to feed Africans at expense of their own country's quality of life as well as how many there are those who think this is ridiculous and we should have kept the money. 

The answer is 25%.

How did I arrive to this conclusion? Simple: east Germany. At the end of its existence, east Germany held its only democratic election. Around half of all voters voted for CDU and their message for immediate unification with west Germany. That was all that mattered in the end. However, 25% voted for rebranded SED, promising to preserve socialism and further 25% voted for SDP and other smaller parties that campaigned on various other unrelated to unification issues. 

25% wanted to keep 'socialism' in the country famous for its brutal oppression and poverty as well as infamous attempts to cross Berlin Wall into the west. One could dismiss this as inertia and assume such sentiment would gradually fade away after unification. It did not, in various surveys after the unification the same broad 25% voiced their nostalgia for DDR. That too often was explained by uneven economic development and backwardness of certain parts of former DDR. Almost 40 years on however ghost of DDR still persists.

At the same time there is a clear upper limit to how far this ghost of communism could really reach. A successor to DDR's SED, Linke never manage to win outright any of the 5 and a half landers, created out of former DDR. They governed in collation with SDP and Grune in Thuringia, but never had an outright majority, always having to rely on and compromise with other leftists to govern together. 

In other eastern lander unusually strong vote for Linke coincides with even stronger vote for CDU, conditioned by no other sentiment than to keep commies out. Communist vote is strong, but an anti-communist is even stronger. 

Modern threat from the east, AfD, too grew strong for a while until they reached this magical number of 25% and then stuck around it. Currently only a little bit above it, but that can be dismissed as protest vote extra or statistical error. Despite general disillusionment, various economic woes, lack of charisma or vision of current coalitional government, the disillusioned voters are unwilling to give AfD or Linke a chance. Both parties reached a ceiling they could not breach.

Moreover, successes of ostensively far-right AfD often coincide with fall of ostensively far-left Linke, for example in most recent Thuringian election where Left used to run a rather successful and popular government. Combined Linke, AfD and BDW vote in Thuringia is higher than national average but that is because those who prefer west left for western lander and only die-hard commies have left behind.

Overall political and voter attitude towards these parties only further highlights this glaring rift between them and the rest of political spectrum. People either support these parties with no reservation or downright refuse to even consider them. It's pretty clear it's not competition of ideas or different economic interests, but a stark difference in values.

Neither Linke, nor AfD ever managed to break cordon-sanitare and never would. Chances of both parties are limited by this magical 25% number.

Germany has ample of data one can analyse but the same fundamental pattern exists in other left-wing countries. Left have numbers, it's never a one man or small group dictatorship in a strict sense of the world. There are always crowds that support far-left regime, crowds that leadership can rely for support and recruit from. Left wing regimes are never starved of cadre and can mobilise crowds to back them up in face of pressure or accusation of being undemocratic.

On the other hand, no far-left systems had a functioning democracy or civil society. The reason is simple: actual majority is against the left and given a free vote they will always vote to abolish it. That is why no communist state ever has a functioning democracy. Majority is disenfranchised, sidelined and suppressed, while cadre of filtered left-wing zealots and apologists are the only demographic who are allowed to express their views and participate in political debate. Democracy for select quarter of society and tyranny for everyone else.

However, why 25%? The answer lies in Myer-Briggs Personality sorter. The Diplomats group makes approximately 25% of all personality types. Diplomats' views by far most coincide with that of leftists. A sort of global mission, altruism, willingness to sacrifice and such are all the things' Diplomats and commies have in common. These traits often viewed as good and benign, but they too can turn brutal and evil when government puts in terms of either sacrifice of be executed as enemy of the system. Both diplomats and communists see themselves as sort of educators of society, pushing it towards some moral high ground. Both have tendency to be activists and campaign for causes they support. Both have willingness to sacrifice or even die for things they believe in. The list goes on.

In view of the above, struggle for or against communism is not that of countries or systems or even ideas, but a struggle between different psychological mentalities. Between MBTI Diplomats and every other group to be precise. Communist dictatorship is when MBTI Diplomats seize all power and disenfranchised every other MBTI type. Communist parties are parties of MBTI Diplomats values that seek to disenfranchise every other MBTI type. And so on.

That explains why communism has plenty of sympathizers in every country of the world. Why this ideology never dies out completely despite failing so many times. That also explains why most people in communist system are discontent and want the regime to end. Why communism always fall when free elections are held.

To sum it up, communism is not an ideology or economic system, but merely a reflection of psychological profile of MBTI Diplomats. Communist movements and parties are nothing but vehicles of MBTI Diplomats attempt to impose their values on the rest of the society by force or trickery.