Revised Plan on How Better Redivide Russia Into Several Different States

Several years ago, I wrote my original plan on redividing Russia into several independent states. Looking back at it now, I feel it was rather imperfect. There are few things I would change. Thus, without further ado, here is the revised plan. 

I even made a map for it. Black lines are to denote new borders between new independent states; meanwhile other colours denote border corrections or land swaps. Finally, in some places, particularly around Russia, Ukraine, Belarus border, there are many lines close to each other. These denote several alternative options for the better border between these three states.

Western European Russia

In the western part of European Russia there will be three new states. Don Republic in the south, Palmyra Republic in the north, centered around St Petersburg and Great Novgorod and finally Muscovy in the middle. Don Republic's identity is based on that of Don Cossacks who consistently used name of this river as form of identify. Words like Dontsy, are popular in the area, are based on the river's name. Palmyra's name is based on euphemism that is popular in St Petersburg area, that calls the city Norther Palmyra. I think it will make for a good country name. Finally, while word Muscovy is rarely used in Russia itself, Moscow city itself has strong appeal to people. People want to live in Moscow, so a country name based on this city will surely work. 

Don Republic borders are the same as in my other proposals and based on Don River basin. Muscovy is different, however. In the event of Russia moving capital to Siberia and divesting Don and Muscovy as separate states I would argue for a smaller Muscovy without upper reaches of Volga or Nizhniy Novgorod. After all Volga is a valuable logistical artery and Russian government would be reluctant to give it up. However, in the event of complete split up of Russia, Muscovy should be made bigger and include whole of upper Volga in addition to all/most of the Oka River as well as their confluence at Nizhniy Novgorod. These rivers are rather close physically and connected to each other with Moscow-Volga Canal, it would be wise to keep them together. 

Finally, the northern part would be Palmyra Republic. It will include most areas north of Valdai hills and Volga River basin. It will have large arctic coast, together with Russian second largest city. In the east it will not go as far as Ural Mountains and will instead have border with Kama River basin country. I provisionally gave Palmyra all of the north outside of Pechora River basin, however that made Kama-Pechora area too little of an access to see, so border may be revised in favor moving it further west.

Eastern European Russia

Eastern European Russia will have two main states, plus a separate North Caucasus area, that will go under provisional UN administration to be re-divided in a way that will reflect local ethnicities and sentiments better. 

In the north there will be the above-mentioned Kama-Pechora area, based on two River basins. Pechora will give this state access to Arctic Ocean, while Kama River area is where most of its population lives. This state will also include Kazan at confluence of Kama and Volga as well as middle reaches of Volga River around this city. Its capital can be either Kazan or Perm; capital duties can be split between two cities. This state will be bi-lingual and bi-religious, with both Islam and Orthodox Christianity as official religions as well as both Russian and Tatar as official languages. I considered several different names like, Ural Republic, Greater Perm Republic and Kama Republic, but I think a survey of local residents should determine the final name. 

In the south there will be Volga Republic, centered on Volgograd. On the map it looks smaller than others, but it will control valuable lower Volga stretches below Kazan area, that contains many large cities as well as banks of Caspian Sea, allowing it to punch above its weights. This state should also receive some territories from modern Kazakhstan to make border between two states go along Ural River. It will make borders more sensible geographically.

Cities of Ulyanovsk, Togliatti and Samara are physically close to Kazan but possibly closer to Volgograd culturally so a referendum on choosing between these two states should be held in this area.

Siberia

Siberia should be divided into two major states. West Siberia and East Siberia. Siberia, including cardinal direction designations, is the name that is consistently used in Russia for these areas so hardly any alternative will work. The border between these states should be Yenisei River with cities standing directly on the river itself going to East Siberia. West Siberian capital can be Yekaterinburg and East Siberian one has to Yakutsk as Irkutsk is too far to southern border.

In addition to current Russian territory, West Siberia should annex various Russophone areas of modern Kazakhstan, it will make border much more sensible and prevent ethnic tensions in Kazakhstan that led to Russo-Ukraine war in Ukraine. Kazakhstan too should receive some extra areas from Russia, that however are much smaller than what it has to give up. These areas however will give it direct border with Mongolia and will open certain opportunities.

Far East

Far Eastern areas will have two new states as well. The south area around Vladivostok will be the southern state. It could be called Dalnevostochnaya Republic, which literary means far east in Russian. This name is popular designation of this area.

Finally, the northeastern most tip can be called Kamchatka Republic. It will include Kamchatka peninsula itself where most people live there, as well as far north, roughly west of Lena River.

These two republics will have no common border between themselves to give East Siberia access to sea other than Arctic.

Russia Ukraine Belarus Border Adjustment

I have long criticized current post-soviet borders as unfeasible and called for their alteration. Thus in article about splitting Russia, I have to address this issue to better delineate borders of the western most post-Russian states.

To begin with, Ukraine, in principle is a state along Dnipro River. This river is important part of Ukrainian history, folklore and identity. However surprisingly little of it lies within current Ukrainian borders. That was not always the case, Ukraine used to go much further north as recent as during German occupation during WWII. If anything, current border is southernmost it ever was. It's dangerously close to Ukrainian capital, Kyiv. I believe it has to be fixed by moving said border further north at least to Reichskommissariat Ukraine borders, but possibly even further north, even up to Minsk. See blue lines on the map for options. 

Belarus can be compensated with some areas from Russia, immediately east of its eastern borders.

On the other hand, Don was never part of Ukraine. Don Cossacks had their own identity, customs, traditions, attire and identity. Thus, Ukraine holding part of Don basin, that protrudes far east into current Russian territory is equally unfeasible. People in eastern salient all live close to border and do miss connection with those across it in Russia. These areas should be given to Don Republic. See purple lines on map for different options.

South most area of Ukraine, Crimea and areas around Azov Sea can too be created into separate country. It can be called Taurida Republic after historical name of the region.

The above division plan will allow for better and more stable governance of post-Russian areas. It will fix borders and allow for much better development within new states that will emerge from Russia's dissolution.

On Justifying Wars in Post-Religious Reality

Too many people erroneously associate atheism with pacifism. Certainly, many pacifists, leftists and 'all people are brothers' types happen to also be atheist. Communism is partially to blame for that, but in part it's just due to the fact that atheism does not have any defined authority or creed so everyone can build an ideology they like.

In in itself, atheism or science for that matter, is not intrinsically pacifist, tolerant or accepting. If anything, science and history is more of the opposite of tolerance and acceptance. Take Evolution Theory for example, you do not need to connect too many dots to turn survival of the fittest into Social Darwinism, people like Herbert Spenser did just that. Social Darwinism is too extreme and effectively useless, but it's an example. One can use science and atheism to justify extreme intolerance and cruelty too, just like with religion. If that is the case, then wars too can be justified with science.

Since times of Roman Emperor Constantine, military and church shared an uneasy alliance of sorts. Reason for that was the fact that military needed priests and their sway over hearts of men to persuade these men to fight, kill and risk their lives in wars. This alliance was not easy, church's sway over people's hearts allowed priests to effectively control many aspects of live, especially during Middle Ages. Many kings and emperors were frustrated by this overreach by pesky priests who grew so powerful, they begun dictate their rules even to kings. Yet kicking off churches' yoke was much harder than it seemed. Church fought back with excommunications and inquisitions and good many kings found their men turning against them if church denounced them.

Yet until recently there was nothing kings could do, superstitions commoners trusted conmen in robes and their fictitious reasons to support or oppose various things. Despite that, even when atheism became mainstream and more and more people are now irreligious, military somehow kept clinging to religion. Reason for that is the fact that no matter how difficult conmen in robes are sometimes, they still rally men to war whenever they and military are in agreement.

However, is power of conmen in robes this unescapable? Is it really not possible to justify a war and rally people for it, using purely rational and scientific arguments? Turns out not. To see an example of how it could be done, one should study Nazi ideology.

Nowadays it's common to demonise Nazis and reduce their ideology to a banal emotional and irrational racial hatred. Something like that is useful as war time propaganda but reality is Nazi ideology is the fact that is based on very rational and common-sense self-interest arguments. 

As much as historians like to point out that Nazi accusations against Jews are untrue, the arguments themselves were not based on hatred but on common sense bread and butter issues. A common German, rather impoverished due to economic problems in interwar times, responded well to Nazi arguments that Jews betrayed and robbed them. Jews were one socio-economic group that at least seemed well off during the times when everyone else was struggling. Regardless of whether it was true or not, first people grew to believe Jews were the problem, only then came Holocaust.

To mobilize Germans against external enemies, Nazis used all the same economic arguments. Poland and France robbed Germany of its wealth and it's only fair to march there with arms in hand to take back what is ours to begin with. Once again regardless of whether it was true or not, people believed in it and all rallied to the flag. The effect certainly exceeded all expectations, Germany did lose in the end, but it never had moral or loyalty issues. People fought to the end.

Economic arguments were not the only ones. Nazis also picked at their enemies' appearance and cultural traits. Nazis claimed that cultures or their enemies, both Jewish and Slavic were inferior to German one, thus is only fair to treat these people of inferior cultures as inferior human beings. Different examples of unlikable cultural traits were used to justify this point of view. Meanwhile eugenics dealt with outward appearance, judging people based on shape of their noses, forehead and the like.

I would argue that modern hatred of Nazis and demonisation of everything Nazi comes not from their crimes but from the simple fact that Nazis made church and its priests redundant. Anschluss of Austria and many further events showed just how swiftly power over people slipped through priests' hands as public ignored the conmen in robes and rallied to Hitler's banner. Thus, after the war, church did all in their power to reduce Nazism to mere racial hatred. They reasonably fear that if studied properly, Nazi ideas will allow government and militaries to wage wars without church approval and that will eliminate the remaining moral authority they still wield over society.

The Nazi example clearly shows that people are more than willing to listen to rational and scientific arguments for war and willing to support wars too, if they serve their self-interest. One should simply explain to them how they personally will benefit from that. 

Thus, governments and militaries no longer need God or priests to rally people for war, science, logic and reason can do this too. If fact by now religion is probably more of an obstacle than a boon. Religious arguments sound so silly that a good number of people will simply ignore the argument if the church or priest endorses it. Thus, government and military have no choice by to learn to operate in new reality and base their arguments for war on rational and scientific arguments. 

However, there is also a newfound freedom in doing things new way, sure not every war can be justified easily, and certain skill is needed to connect all the dots to sway public opinion. One has to be more specific and precise in pinpointing the problem or public will not buy it. However, there is clear advantage as priests no longer have any say and old system too had their own constraints, like justifying wars against fellow Christians. Many wars we will likely see will be against Sub-Saharan Africans who are mostly Christians.

How to Solve Transnistria Problem

Transnistria is a self-proclaimed unrecognised county that exists within internationally recognised borders of Moldova on left bank of Nistra River. Transnistria have long been a thorn in not only Moldova's side but also that of Ukraine and broader Europe. For Europe it's a source of illegal weapons and human trafficking, for Ukraine it is a military threat at Transnistria de-facto authorities are pro-Russian and there are Russian 'peacekeepers' in the area. For Moldova it's a separatist regime that controls significant parts of the country's territory and resources. All three would like to see Transnistrian problem solved but Tiraspol regime has Moscow's support and until recently no one could do anything about it.

However Russian war in Ukraine exposed Russia's weakness. Russia is already at war so it could no longer threaten war in retaliation for any action Chisinau may take in Transnistria. Right now, Transnistria is cut off from any Russian aid by Ukrainian defences. So, if the above-mentioned powers were to act on Transnistria now, there is nothing Moscow would be able to do about it. If anything, Russian war in Ukraine presents a golden opportunity to finally solve Transnistria problem once and for all.

At the same time, this is also a good opportunity to fix hideous post-Soviet borders and make frontiers much more logical and defendable. Ukraine can claim back left back of Nistra (Dnistro) that used to belong to them before USSR annexed Moldova and Moldova can reclaim some of the lands that was ceded to Ukraine as compensation. Border along Nistra River instead of an arbitrary line drawn by Soviet officials will benefit both countries as it will be much easier to control and patrol during peacetime or defend in case of war.

While it is likely, that Transnistrian de-facto authorities in Tiraspol would not just surrender without a fight, they have some troops of their own and would likely fight, but there is a way to play it smart and gradually phase them out. One can use a salami tactic of sorts. Instead of abolishing it in one go, one can shrink Transnistria gradually, rayon by rayon. 

Transnistrian capital is in the south of the separatist region so one can start shrinking it from the north. That way Transnistrian de-facto authorities can still retain their country and government, just with a somewhat reduced territory. They are outnumbered so it's likely that they lose in an armed confrontation. If they fight and lose, Ukraine and Moldova can occupy their entire territory and just put an end to their existence, thus good chances they would agree to withdraw from the north without a fight to keep south.

To begin with Moldova and Ukraine can agree to swap 1 for 1 or 2 for 2 rayons (old pre-reform rayons for Ukraine). These rayons have roughly equivalent population and territory so it will be seen as fair for both sides. There is also the fact that people in northern rayons of Transnistria are predominantly Ukrainian, while those who live in some Ukrainian border towns like Reni are Moldovans, so it will be fair to adjust the border to re-unite these people with countries they identify with. Camenca and Rybnitsa Rayons of Transnistria can be swapped for Reni and Tarutyne or old Bolhrad Rayons of Ukraine. Exact borders can be adjusted to suit local geographic realities.

After governments in Chisinau and Kyiv negotiated, agreed and ratified the territorial swap, Ukrainian side can present Transnistrian de-facto authorities with final document and request they withdraw their troops and officials from agreed upon territories or Ukraine will take them by force. It's important to make it clear where new frontiers will be and why. There are good chances are Tiraspol will comply with this new reality.

While that will not remove Transnistria completely it will reduce its territory and will make it easier to control the border and keep Transnistria in check. It will put Ukraine and Moldova in much better negotiating position than before the swap.

If Tiraspol will remain undeterred in its opposition to Chisinau authority, The initial swap can later be followed by a second one, where Dubasary and Grioriopol Rayons can further be swapped for something like Bolhrad and Izmail or whatever works best. Once again exact borders do not have follow rayon borders exactly, some adjustments to better reflect situation on the ground can and should be made.

After Transnistria is reduced to just its capital and surrounding areas, Moldova and Ukraine will be in much better negotiating position to solve this problem for good. From there Tiraspol authorities could be offered ether temporary Gagauzia like autonomy in Ukraine or Moldova. Alternatively, they could be offered a safe exit and exile.

Final solution can then be followed by final agreement on border between Ukraine and Moldova. Sure, Moldova will likely get back a lot less than what it had before WWII, but land Ukraine got is simply more valuable and Ukraine would not just swap it all back, all for all like before the war. Moldova needs these swaps a lot more than Ukraine does. 

However, it's very realistic for Moldova to be able to get direct access to sea, which will be a huge boost to it in practical terms. 

Moldova and Ukraine can then further agree to swap some of Moldova proper areas north of Balty for more land in the south. In fact, Moldova can even trade Belty itself, people there vote for pro-Russian parties, and many identify as either Ukrainians or Russians, as non-Moldovans. 

Ideally, we would want a border to follow Nistra River at least in the south. However, this plan is flexible so even if most ambitious targets could not be met, it will still be a meaningful improvement even in partial form.

Just like that, with clever salami tactic a long-standing Transnistria problem can be solved and borders between Ukraine and Moldova improved.

How Superannuation (Super) Works

A few people online claimed that millions in super are just a myth people use to bash boomers. To refute these claims and prove that millions in super are real I will now explain how super works and why even if you personally do not have any, millions in super are not a myth.

Overall superannuation is a simple system. After a person is hired for a full-time job, a super account is created for them in one of super funds. Afterwards every time they are paid salary a certain sum called 'super sacrifice' on a payslip is deposited into their super account. 

If you worked in formal full-time employment for a single employer all your life, and absolute majority of boomers did just that, it is very easy to accumulate millions of dollars in superannuation. The money will become available to spend only after the retirement but in some exceptional cases one can claim some of it early.

Now that we covered the most typical and simple case, I will outline possible complications. If at any time you switched employer, unless you get out of the way to transfer your super to new super fund, chances are your new employer created you a new super account and because of that your super is split between two different accounts likely with two different super funds. Altogether there still should be millions between two of these accounts, just more hassle and paperwork to collect it all. That is you will not have double amount, both of your accounts together will hold as much money as a single account of someone who worked for the same employer.

Of course, the often you switched jobs and employers, the fractured your super is, split between multiple super accounts all across the industry. So, if you went between couple of dozen employers, collecting all your super could easily turn into a sort of pirate treasure hunt or a detective story. A some long defunct pre dot com bubble company where you worked 30 years ago, would have super accounts in long defunct super fund, so it would be a challenge worthy of Sherlock Holmes to track down where your super ended up after all these acquisitions and mergers. And after all that you will also have to get out of your way to prove you actually worked there as records could be missing and such. Multiply that by all the places you worked and tracking super will easily become a full-time job in itself. To make matters worse you are not tracking 20 separate treasures but only a single one, split into multiple parts. For some jobs it will not even be worth it as if you only worked there a few month, you would have but a token amount of super in their particular superfund. Iron rule of super is the longer you worked in the same place the more super you will have, while every employer you had only adds more hassle to tracking all down. A clear loyalty insensitive here.

If you wondered if it could get any worse, then it can. If your job was classified as part-time, casual, or you were employed under a contract instead of employment agreement, or had not formal agreement at all, then you will have no super at all. Yes, it's possible to miss on super altogether. It's an equivalent of pulling a single short straw. This is particularly a problem for young people as well as for those who switched employers after Financial Crisis of 2008 as after crisis companies started to 'save money' by reclassifying their formerly full-time jobs as part-time or casual. I once seen job ad calling their job 'super casual' which in lay term means as much work and commitment as full-time work but without all the benefits a formal full-time employee will be entitled to. Is it a bad deal for an employee, of course it is. It might actually be illegal too, one can even apply for a court hearing on the matter, but it would probably better to consult with ombudsman first. (This is not a legal advice as I have no formal legal qualification).

You also do not get any super if you run your own business. In fact, in this case, it will be up to you to pay super to your employees. This law is the reason why right-wing business owners while about regulations as they would very much prefer to underpay their employees, but laws do not allow for it and courts can order an employer to pay former employees years of underpaid salaries, if violation is exposed.

Finally, if you worked overseas then, for your overseas employment, overseas rules apply. Superannuation is Australian system that applies only withing Australian jurisdiction. Other countries may have similar systems, for example the US has 401k, but in order to claim anything from this system you have deal with their equivalent of super funds and follow their rules. Not all counties have equivalent systems so if does not exist where you worked, tough luck. To make matters worse, if that country suffered from hyperinflation like post-Soviet states in late 80s early 90s, it might turn their equivalent super into mere pennies.

Super is an accumulated amount rather than flat entitlement like say aged pension that is paid for everyone eligible. If you did not accumulate any super when you had the chance, there is nothing you can do now. That said boomers with millions in super still get aged pension on top of their super and that aged pension is higher than unemployed benefits or disability support pension. Very unfair if you ask me.

If you analyse the system, you can notice that under its rules mediocre and loyal clearly have advantage. Someone who stuck with the same employer all their live had an easy retirement with no hassles in claiming their super. Meanwhile someone who chased their dreams, took opportunities and switched careers will have much harder time. Yet worse is someone who took unconventional path of foreign or self-employment, as they got nothing at all.

Because of that this system is also a boon to all sorts of swindlers and con artists. As under such system the least smart and talented have most of the money. Kakistocracy if you like. Such people are easy targets for all sorts of con artists; thus conmen flourish in this era as much as lifetime employees.

Finally, if you wondered if you can still jump on this bandwagon and benefit from this system, the answer is no. Nowadays most companies use all sorts of tricks to avoid paying you super. Thus, no matter how hard you work, you will not have the same luxurious retirement the boomers currently enjoy. Unlike the boomers' time, this is era of smart people, if you are too dumb to make sure your employment agreement entitles you to all the good things, your company will gladly avoid giving any.